نشریه علوم درمانگاهی دامپزشکی ایران
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 8، پاییز و زمستان 1391)

Male infertility and low quality of its spermatozoa is one of the most problems that often cause unsuccessful animals mating. The previous studies demonstrated that dietary supplementation with appropriate polyunsaturated fatty acids can produce major increases in spermatogenesis and improvement in sperm quality. To investigate the correlation of serum lipids and lipoproteins with spermatogenic activity and histomorphometric structure of the testis, 10 male goats were divided into three equal groups included one, two and three years of age and blood samples were collected from the jugular vein. The serum concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride were measured by enzymatic method, serum levels of lipoproteins were determined by Precipitation method Precipitation and serum levels of testosterone were measured by Radio Immuno Assay method. For histomorphometric study, the 5 µ sections were made and stained with Hematoxyline-Eosin. Data was statistically analyzed by the one way ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests (p≤0.05). Results showed that serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerids, VLDL-c and LDL-c had not significant differences between different ages. The serum levels of HDL-c, testosterone, as well as the area of spermatic tubules and testicular interstitium, diameter of seminiferous tubules, germinal epithelium height, number and diameters of the leydig cells; number of spermatid cells had significant increase from one year group to two years group but significant decrease from two years animals to three years group. The serum HDL-c values were significantly correlated with the number of leydig cells as well as testosterone serum levels. Also triglycerides values had correlated with germinal epithelium height. It can be concluded that increased serum levels of HDL-c and triglycerides have respectively a benefit and deleterious effects on the spermatogenic activity and histomorphometric structure of the testes in the male goats of Ilam province.

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of garlic powder on the growth indices of Cyprinus carpio. The experiment was done during 60 days and the fish whose initial mean weight was 22.5± 3.5 g was stocked in 9 flow-through tanks of 2000 liter capacity, includes 30 pieces of fish in each tank(Dugenci, et al) with a flow rate of 1.5 liter in a minute(Tan, et al. 2007). The control group was fed with concentrate (powder food) provided by Behsan Taghzieh Factory (BTF). To mix the garlic powder completely with the food, we used the powder food. To do the experiment the fish was divided into three groups and three replicates were considered for each group. The first group was just fed with powder food. After considering the amount of food and computing 0.1% of its biomes body, per kg, 1% garlic was added to the food of the second group. This amount for the third group was about 0.1% of the computed biomes of food. Comparing control group with other groups shows that garlic powder does not have any significant effect on the growth eighth week, we used the indicates which consist of Weight Gain (WG), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Weight Gain Rate (WGR). The rate of special growth was significant between first and two other groups (P<0.05). The rate of FCR had not been changed in each group (P>0.05). The rate of WGR among three groups had been increased significantly in the second group while this change between the second and third group was considerable too (P<0.05). This research studies the effect of adding garlic powder to the food of Cyprinus carpio and its effect on indicies growth of the fish.

The aim of this study was centered on ultrasonographic findings and techniques of the liver in the mixed breed cow. This study conducted on 15 clinically healthy female mixed breed cows of the same age. Cows were shaved on their right side from the caudal region of elbow up to the flank and from transverse processes of vertebral up to the ventral aspect of the abdomen. Ultrasound examination of liver was performed according to the approved techniques from the caudal aspect of 13th rib to the 7th intercostal spaces (ICS). Items surveyed in this study included the possibility of finding liver from each ICS, distance between the position of liver in each view from the dorsal midline during expirations, echogenicity of liver, depth of liver, depth and diameter of portal vein and caudal vena cava and position and size of gall bladder. The liver tissue was completely accessible from 8th to 12th ICS. The parenchymal pattern of liver consists of numerous weak echoes homogenously distributed over the entire liver. Several vessels were observed while the lumen of these vessels was anechoic and thus appeared black. The caudal vena cava was consistently positioned dorsal and medial to the portal vein. It was usually looked triangular or drop-like on cross-sectional view. It was completely accessible between the 10th to 12th ICS. The diameter and depth was increasing cranially. The portal vein was usually visualized in the 10th to 12th ICS. It was round or slightly oval in shape. The diameter was decreasing toward the cranial while the depth was increasing. The gall bladder was visualized in most of the cows. Its shape was mostly slim and oblong, sometimes pear shaped, and rarely round.

Lead poisoning is of great importance in all living creatures including aquatic animals. In the present study, the effects of the ion –exchanging (chelating) agent, thiamin, on toxic effects of lead (Pb), as well as serum activities of some blood enzymes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were studied. Accordingly, 4 duplicate groups of 25 fish (60±5g) were used. The first group was considered as the control. All other groups received lead acetate at 7mg/L for 15 successive days. In addition to lead acetate, the 3rdand the 4th groups received thiamin at 40 and 80 mg/L, respectively. The activities of serum enzymes including GGT, ALT, AST, AST and ALP were evaluated. A significant difference was observed in ALT activity between the second and the fourth groups (P<0.002). The amount of GGT activity in the second group was significantly different from the third (P=0.023) and the fourth (P=0.018) groups. Serum LDH activity was significantly different between the first and the second (P=0.001), the second and the third (P=0.001), as well as the second and the fourth (p=0.001) groups. The levels of ALP and AST activities showed non-significant variations among different groups (P>0.05). The results of the current research suggest beneficial effects for thiamin in improving blood biochemical parameters in fish exposed to lead.

This study evaluates the effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids testosterone enantate and nandrolone decanoate on liver tissue in rabbits. In this study, 15 immature female New Zealand white rabbits of 42-45 days old, were maintained for 7days. Rabbits were divided into three groups randomly (Treated with nandrolone, testosterone and control group). Four doses of nandrolone decanoate (10 mg/kgBw), 4 doses testosterone enantate (5 mg/kgBw) and 0.3 ml saline were injected to the rabbits of three groups. One week after each injection, radiographs were prapered from abdomen. Radiological evaluation of two groups of nandrolone and testostron injection didn’t show any difference in density, size and liver location. Son graphic evaluation of the group under nandrolone injection showed liver tissue echogenesity reduction in compared with other two groups. the results of this study shows that nandrolone and testosterone injections with these doses and period, can make reversible changes in liver tissue and these changes can be detected by sonography.

Twenty of the dairy cows in a dairy herd around Tehran province showing of T-2, toxin intoxication. Sign includes: Sternal recumbency, in appetite, emaciation, fever, soft and dark feces. The persistent histopathological findings of small intestine were necrotic and eosinophilic enteritis and oedema. Skeletal and cardiac muscles had degenerated and necrotic lesions. Spleen always had hemosiderosis. Lymphatic follicular interstitial pneumonia was the main lesion of lungs. Centrolobular degeneration and hemorrhage were consistent defect of liver. Passive Congestion, interstitial nephritis, vacuolar degeneration were present in kidneys. In a spinal cord and peripheral nerve sample demyelination was noticed. E.Coli was isolated from feces and liver. CBC of an affected cow indicated a bacterial infection. Serology and brain test for botulism and rabies were negative. Five specified Fusarium, a specified Asperfillus and genuses of pencillium as well as mucor were isolates from a corn silage sample of the dairy herd. F. sporotichoides and F.moniliforme were very potent in production of T-2 toxin and fusaric acid, respectively. All abovementioned documents confirm the incidence of T-2 toxin intoxication in the dairy.

Brucellosis, especially caused by Brucella melitensis, remains one of the most common zoonotic diseases worldwide with more than 500,000 human cases reported annually. In Iran, brucellosis was first recognized in 1932 and control of small ruminant brucellosis began in 1961. The aim of this survey was to detect the brucella in raw milk samples of sheep and goat flocks in some provinces of Iran. In this survey raw sample milks were achieved from sheep and goat flocks with abortion from Fars, Kerman, Hamadan, North Khorasan and Khorasan Razavi Provinces. Fresh sheep and goat raw milk samples were achieved from flocks with abortion. For investigation of brucella samples were transferred to brucella agar medium and observed for growth of brucella colony everyday till 5 days. For confirmation of brucella colony microbiolgical and biochemical test were done. Results of this survey revealed that 43% of samples were contaminated with brucella. All samples of Kerman Province and 10 percent of Khorasan razavi,s samples detected as positive in culture. The isolation of brucella from 43% of the raw milk samples in this survey reveals the potential risk that raw milk carries for brucellosis. Prevention is dependent upon increasing public awareness through health education programs.

The objective of this study was: the effect of norgestomet implant and estradiol valerate on the conception rate of subfertile high yielding Holestein dairy cows. One hundred and six high yielding subfertile dairy cows received norestomet implant contains 3 mg norgestomet subcutaneously in the convex surface of the ear using plunger and simultaneously, 2 ml IM injectable solution contains 3mg norgestomet and 5mg estradiol valerate (Day 0). The implant was removed 9 days later (Day 9). The animals were inseminated artificially at 48, 56 and 72 hours after implant removal. In control group (No: 58), at once they received an incision at the same area with plunger (Day 0) and then inseminated artificially at oestrus time. All the cows were examined for pregnancy diagnosis 50-60 days later by rectal palpation. The obtained data analyzed using Chi-square statistical method. Conception rate in treatment group was significantly more than control group (50.94% vs 20.68%) (P<0.05). The lactation number, different seasons, the day in milking, and the number of insemination did not affect significantly on conception rate. It is concluded that ovulation synchronization with norestomet implant and estradiol valerate can be useful and valuable approach in improvement of fertility in subfertile high yielding dairy cows

This study was performed to evaluate the probable changes in serum bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) in dairy cows suffering from lameness. In this regard, blood samples were taken from cows which suffering from white line disease and sole ulcers. Blood samples also were taken one month after treatment. In addition, blood samples were taken from healthy cows at the same age and parities. Serum activity of BALP was assayed using heat-precipitation method. The results showed a higher activity of serum balp in cows which suffering from sole ulcers compare to healthy cows. The enzyme activity was significantly decreased after treatment in cows that suffering from sole ulcers. The serum BALP activity was not significantly changed by white line disease. Based on these findings, it seems that the determination of the serum activity of BALP could be used as a useful tool to diagnosis the lameness and evaluation of treatment effectiveness.